Freedom of Expression (Art. 16)
16. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of expression, which includes -
- freedom of the press and other media;
- freedom to receive or impart information or ideas;
- freedom of artistic creativity; and
- academic freedom and the freedom of scientific research
(2) The rights in subsection (1) does not extend to -
- propaganda for war;
- incitement of imminent violence; or
- advocacy of hatred that is based on race, ethnicity, gender, or religion, and that constitutes incitement to cause harm.
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Jump to cases for Australia, Canada, European Union, France, India, Namibia, United States, Zimbabwe.
Australia
Defamation Law in Australia
Freedom of Speech Law
Hate Speech v. Free Speech
Racial Hatred Act
State Racial Vilification Laws
- Theophanous v. The Herald and Weekly Times Limited and Another
- Nationwide News Pty. Limited v. Wills
- Australian Capital Television Pty. Limited and Others v. The Commonwealth
- Stephens and Others v. West Australian Newspapers Limited
- Cunliffe and Another v. The Commonwealth of Australia
- Langer v. The Commonwealth of Australia
- MulDowney v. the State of South Australia and Others
Canada
Canadian Fundamental Freedoms Law
- Irwin Toy Ltd. v. Quebec (Attorney General)
- RWDSU v. Dolphin Delivery Ltd.
- Rocket v. Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario
- Hill v. Church of Scientology
- Dagenais v. Canadian Broadcasting Corp.
- R v. Lucas
- Canadian Broadcasting Corp. v. New Brunswick (Attorney General) [1996]
- RJR-MacDonald Inc. v. Canada (Attorney General) [1995]
- RJR-MacDonald Inc. v. Canada (Attorney General) [1994]
- Native Women's Association of Canada v. Canada
- R. v. S. (T.)
- New Brunswick Broadcasting Co. v. Nova Scotia ( Speaker of the House of Assembly)
- Ramsden v. Peterborough
- R v. Butler
- R v. Zundel
- Committee for the Commonwealth of Canada v. Canada
- Canadian Broadcasting Corp. v. Lessard
- Canadian Broadcasting Corp. v. New Brunswick (Attorney General) [1991]
- Moysa v. The Labour Relations Board of Alberta
- Hate Propaganda Cases
- R v. Andrews
- Canada (Human Rights Comm.) v. Taylor
- Canada (Human Rights Comm.) v. Canadian Liberty Net (No. 1, 1992)
- Canada (Human Rights Comm.) v. Canadian Liberty Net (No. 2, 1996)
- Canada (Human Rights Comm.) v. Canadian Liberty Net (No. 3, 1996)
- McAleer v. Canada (Human Rights Comm.)
- Ross v. New Brunswick School District No. 15
European Union
European Conv. for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
- Wingrove v. The United Kingdom
- De Haes and Gijsels v. Belgium
- Telesystem Tirol Kabel Television v. Austria
- Oberschlick v. Austria
- Worm v. Austria
- Bowman v. The United Kingdom
- Schopfer v. Switzerland
- Castells v. Spain
- The Church of Scientology v. Sweden
- Consorts X v. Soci�t� Y , Cour de Cassation , December 7, 2000
- Epoux X. v. M. Y . Cour de Cassation, December 7, 2000
- Ass'n Union des Etudiants Juifs de France v. Yahoo!, TGI Paris, 2000
- Association Union des Etudiants Juifs de France v. SA Multimania Prod ., TGI Nanterre, May 24, 2000
- No. 94-345 , Cons. const., July 29, 1994
- Jumuna Prasad v. Lacchi Ram: [(1955) 1 S.C.R. 608]
- Kedar Nath Singh v. State of Bihar: [AIR 1962 SC 955; 1962 Supp. (2) SCR 769]:
- Secretary, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting v. Cricket association of Bengal: [(1995) 2 SCC 161; AIR 1995 SC 1236]
- People's Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of India: [(1997) 1 SCC 301; AIR 1997 SC 568]
- Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India: [(1999) 8 SCC 308; AIR 1999 SC 3345]
Namibia
Namibian Fundamental Freedoms
- Barenblatt v. United States
- City of Boerne v. Flores
- Brandenburg v. Ohio
- Buckley v. Valeo, Secretary of The United States Senate
- Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire
- Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith
- Florida Bar, Petitioner v. Went For It Inc., and John T. Blakely
- Gitlow v. People of New York
- Schenck v. United States; Baer v. United States
- Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
- Whitney v. California
- Walker v. City of Birmingham
- The New York Times v. Sullivan "Actual Malice" Rule
Zimbabwe
Pertinent Constitution Article
Wuerzburg University Key System
Comparative constitutional law links for Freedom of Expression.